Conversation

Informal greetings

Let’s start with informal greetings. Here is how you can say hello:

• Hello!
  (A universal greeting that works for every conversation.)

• Hi!
  (A neutral and friendly greeting.)

• Hey!
  (An informal and relaxed greeting.)

• Greetings!
  (This is quite formal and rare these days, but could be used humorously among friends.)

Formal greetings

For a more formal way to greet someone, use the model “good + [time of day]”:

• Good morning!(Reserved for any time before noon.)

• Good afternoon!
  (Typically used between noon and 5-6 p.m.)

• Good evening!
  (Any time after 6 p.m.)

Remember that “good night” normally means that you are saying goodbye. It is also commonly used right before going to bed.

Introductions

What if you have never met the person you are talking to before? Then, after greeting them, it would be polite to introduce yourself and ask for their name. Here’s how:

• My name is _____. What’s your name?
  (This is simple, neutral and always works well!)

If you met somebody once before, but you do not remember their name, you can say this:

• I’m sorry, I don’t remember your name. You are…?
  (This is a bit more informal.)

If you want to introduce a person to someone else, you can simply say:

• Please meet + [name]
  Please meet my friend Tom!(Formal introduction)

• This is + [name]
  This is Tom!(Common introduction)

Now that you have introduced yourself, use one of the phrases below to respond to someone’s introduction.

• Nice to meet you!
  (The most common)

• Pleased to meet you!
  (Simple and polite)

• It’s a pleasure!
  (Informal, but nice)

You can hear the first one in this video, where two people meet for the first time and then start a conversation. Better yet, since that video is available on FluentU, you don’t have to worry about missing a word. Just click the interactive subtitles for an instant definition. There are also flashcards, fun quizzes and other learning tools built in.

Check out a free FluentU trial to watch that video—and thousands of other real-world English videos—with all the learning features.

Making Small Talk in English

Great job! You are already having a conversation in English!

After you have exchanged names and greeted each other, you may go on to make some “small talk.”

Small talk is common in many English-speaking countries, especially in the U.S., Canada and England. It is considered polite to add small talk to the beginning of the conversation before talking about the subject of the conversation, whether it is personal or professional.

The most widespread (common) question is “How are you?” In fact, it is so common, that it becomes automatic for people to say, even when they hardly know the person! “How are you” is often even considered part of the greeting (i.e. “Hi, how are you?”). That is how necessary it has become!

There are several ways to ask someone how they are doing:

• How are you? / How are you doing?
  (Neutral)

• How’s it going?
  (More informal)

• How are things?
  (Informal)

• What’s up?
  (Very informal)

An interesting thing about asking these questions is that an answer is not really required. Unless you are very close friends with someone, they are not expecting you to tell them an honest answer about your day—as this funny video shows:

Instead, a simple answer and a “how are you” in return is enough for a typical conversation in English:

• I’m well. How are you?

• It’s going well, thank you. How are you doing?

• Fine, thanks. And yourself?

Note that you might often hear people say “I’m good” when they mean that they are well and doing well. “I’m good” is grammatically incorrect in this context, but it is very common in spoken English, just like a few other mistakes English speakers make, so be careful!

Small talk can also be the primary goal of a conversation, especially when you are talking to people you don’t know and are unlikely to meet again. There are many ways to use small talk successfully, even when you’re still getting comfortable with English conversation for beginners.

Asking and Answering Questions

A conversation is an exchange of ideas, questions and thoughts. The best way to keep a conversation going is to ask questions!

There are two types of questions you may ask: closed-ended and open-ended questions.

Closed-ended questions are also called “yes/no” questions, because their goal is to confirm or deny certain information. For example:

• Are you having a good day?

• Did you just get to the office?

• Have you seen my email?

Compare the examples above to the open-ended questions below. They will ask a person to elaborate—that is, to give more information instead of simply saying “yes” or “no.”

• How is your day going?
  (A perfect example of small talk!)

• When did you arrive at the office?

• What do you think about that email I sent?

Open-ended questions typically begin with “who,” “what,” “where,” “when” and “why.” They are important to make your English conversation informative and productive. See more examples here.

When the person you are talking to is asking you a question, listen for the keywords and pay attention to the verb being used. This will help you construct your answer using proper grammar.

Don’t worry about using difficult words—it is fine to keep things simple! And if you don’t understand a certain question or word, don’t be afraid to ask.

As a beginner, you may have trouble understanding everything being said in English. This is okay! You are still learning.

Asking for Clarification

You are getting good at conversations in English, but suddenly you realize that you are lost. Maybe the other person is speaking too fast. Maybe she has an unfamiliar accent. Maybe you didn’t hear the last thing she said.

It is perfectly normal to ask for clarification or to repeat something. Just remember to be polite!

If you don’t understand something, let’s say a word or even some idea relating to your conversation, you could say:

• I’m sorry, I don’t understand. Could you please repeat that?

• I’m sorry, I don’t understand. Could you please explain that?

or even…

• Care to elaborate?(This very informal question is the short version of “Do you care to elaborate on this?”)

If you simply didn’t hear something, just say it like this:

• I’m sorry, I didn’t hear that. Could you please repeat?

• I’m sorry, I didn’t catch that. Could you please repeat?

or even…

• Could you say that again, please?

Don’t be shy to ask for help. People are generally very happy to explain or repeat something! Please don’t forget to thank them after they do.

Bringing an English Conversation to a Close

Say you have got all the information you need from the person. It is time for you to go. Maybe you are running late and want to keep the conversation brief. No matter the reason, it is always nice to let the person know you cannot continue talking to them for much longer.

There are many ways to do it depending on the situation. For example, if you are late, say:

• I have to get going. / It’s time for me to go.
  (This is polite and neutral.)

• I have to run—can we continue later?
  (This is more informal, but also polite.)

And if you have all the information you’d wanted:

• Thank you so much for your help!
  (A very common and useful expression)

• Got it, thanks!
  (Very informal and friendly)

• I think I have everything I need, thank you!
  (This is formal and may come across as rude if you don’t thank the person after, so use it with caution.)

Using Small Talk to End a Conversation

Hey, guess what? Small talk can be used at the end of an English conversation too! Before saying goodbye, it is polite to say something like…

• Have a good day!
  (This works in any situation.)

• Enjoy your day!
  (This one is a bit more formal.)

• Good luck!
  (If the person needs it; it will depend on the situation.)

• Talk to you soon!
  (This is neutral and does not necessarily mean that you will really talk to the person soon.)

• Great seeing you / Great talking to you!
  (This is informal yet common.)

• Catch you later!
  (This is very informal and fun.)

And after that, the only thing left to do is…

Saying Goodbye in English

This one is easy. You really cannot go wrong with just a simple “goodbye” or “bye” in spoken English. You can also use any small talk expression to complement your goodbye. For example:

• Bye! Have a good day!

• Catch you later! Bye-bye!

And, as mentioned at the very beginning of this guide…

• Good night!

Simple, right?

You are now an English conversation master!

Having a conversation in English does not have to be complicated. You may feel a little awkward and shy about your English speaking at first, but it is okay.

If you are scared of making a mistake, it is understandable. But mistakes are going to happen when you get started with spoken English—it is absolutely normal. Making mistakes is a big part of learning English conversations for beginners. This is how you get better, so just go for it. Just start talking, because now you know what to say!